Wi-Fi monitor mode

Managed mode

• Used if we want the interface to act as a client or station.
• Normally the default interface mode

ifconfig <interface> down
iwconfig <interface> mode managed

• To connect to a network:

iwconfig <interface> essid <essid>

Ad-hoc Mode

• Used for AP-AP communications
• Allows the wireless interfaces to communicate to each other

iwconfig <interface> mode ad-hoc
iwconfig <interface> essid <essid> 

Master mode

• The device acts as an AP
• Useful for deploying a Rogue AP or Evil Twin attack
• Requires a management daemon
  • Commonly use hostapd for this

#Open.conf file
interface=<interface>
driver=nl80211
ssid=<SSID name>
channel=2
hw_mode=g

• Launch it with:

hostapd open.conf

Mesh mode

• Interface participates in a mesh network with routing between nodes

iw dev <interface> set type mesh

Monitor mode

• Network interface can capture all wireless traffic in range.
• Requires Sudo privileges
• Not all chipset support monitor mode

ifconfig <interface> down
iw <interface> set monitor control
ifconfig <interface> up 

• With Airmon:

airmon-ng start <interface>

• iwconfig will show Mode:Monitor if it is in monitor mode.